Typhoid fever management pdf

Typhoid or enteric fever is caused by salmonella typhi. People with acute illness can contaminate the surrounding water supply through stool, which contains a high concentration of the bacteria. The clinical presentation of typhoid fever varies from a mild illness with lowgrade fever, malaise, and slight dry cough to a severe clinical picture with abdominal discomfort and multiple complications. Typhoid fever spreads through contaminated food and water or through close contact with someone whos infected. Management of typhoid fever and its complications annals. Typhoid fever guide to surveillance and investigation last revised. Cdc has conducted surveillance for typhoid fever since 1975. Typhoid fever is contracted by drinking or eating the bacteria in contaminated food or water. Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are treated with antibiotics. Typhoid fever causes, symptoms, treatment and vaccine.

December 23, 20 florida department of health page 2 of 11 typhoid fever 1. It is largely a disease of developing nations due to their poor standard of hygiene and unavailability of potable water. Resistance to antibiotics is increasing pdf icon pdf 516 kb in the bacteria that cause these diseases. In fact, the existence of antibioticresistant bacteria is a growing problem in the treatment of typhoid fever, especially in the developing world. To determine if there is a source of infection of public health concern e. Untreated, it is fatal in around 25 percent of cases. Pdf the incidence and management of typhoid fever in. Contamination of the water supply can, in turn, taint the food supply. Typhoid is a common bacterial infection in countries with low incomes. Typhoid fever is caused by salmonella typhi bacteria. Symptoms include a high fever and gastrointestinal problems some.

When bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, the bacteria are not killed and their growth is not stopped when antibiotics are taken. National typhoid and paratyphoid fever surveillance. In recent years, salmonella typhi has also proved resistant to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. State and local health officials use a standard report form to report detailed epidemiologic information on laboratoryconfirmed cases, including patient demographic and clinical information, typhoid vaccination status. There is enough evidence to show that the prevalence of typhoid fever in any community is an index of communal hygiene and effectiveness of sanitary disposal. Fifteen years have elapsed since chloramphenicol was first employed for the treatment of typhoid fever. Pdf control of typhoid fever relies on clinical information, diagnosis, and an understanding for the epidemiology of the disease.